Which principle emphasizes the preservation of existing natural hydrological features in land development?

The principle that emphasizes the preservation of existing natural hydrological features in land development is low-impact development (LID). LID focuses on managing stormwater at its source, thereby mimicking natural hydrological processes. This approach seeks to maintain or restore the natural flow of water through the landscape, enhancing infiltration and reducing runoff. By prioritizing the preservation of existing features such as wetlands, streams, and natural drainage systems, LID promotes sustainable land use and minimizes environmental impact.

LID strategies often incorporate practices such as bioswales, rain gardens, permeable pavements, and green roofs, which not only help manage stormwater but also promote ecological benefits, improve water quality, and enhance community aesthetics. This makes LID a vital consideration in responsible land development, especially in areas facing challenges from urbanization and climate change.

Other approaches mentioned, such as the use of hard infrastructure or conventional stormwater management, typically rely on engineered solutions that can disrupt natural hydrology. High-density urbanization may further complicate drainage patterns by increasing impervious surfaces, which is contrary to the goals of preserving natural hydrological features.