Which electronic method is NOT typically associated with CPTED principles?

The choice of email notifications as the method not typically associated with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles is correct because CPTED focuses on physical and visible measures that directly influence the design and management of environments to reduce crime opportunities.

CPTED strategies emphasize the importance of natural surveillance, territorial reinforcement, natural access control, and maintenance, all of which pertain to tangible elements that can be physically observed and interacted with. CCTV systems, locks, alarms, and security lighting are all physical security measures that contribute to creating a safer environment by promoting visibility, enhancing security, and deterring potential criminals.

In contrast, email notifications do not directly affect the physical space or its design; they are a method of communication that may provide alerts or responses after an event has occurred, but they do not operate as a preventative measure in the environment itself. Thus, email notifications fall outside the scope of the CPTED framework, which is designed to proactively mitigate risk through physical alterations to the environment.