Which approach emphasizes small-scale controls that mimic natural hydrological processes?

The approach that emphasizes small-scale controls to mimic natural hydrological processes is low-impact development (LID). LID focuses on managing rainfall where it falls by integrating practices that maintain and enhance the natural water cycle. This is achieved through techniques like bioretention areas, rain gardens, permeable pavements, and green roofs.

These methods are designed to reduce runoff, promote infiltration, and ensure that stormwater is managed in a way that closely resembles its natural behavior, thus protecting and restoring the natural hydrology of a site. By using decentralized systems, LID assists in minimizing the impact of development on local ecosystems, effectively controlling stormwater at the source rather than relying solely on conventional, larger systems that may not address the specific characteristics of local hydrology.

In contrast, traditional stormwater management often employs centralized systems that may not prioritize the natural processes, which can lead to issues such as increased runoff and pollution. Centralized stormwater systems typically focus on capturing and conveying water flow through pipes and treatment facilities rather than mimicking natural processes. While green infrastructure shares some principles with LID, it is a broader term encompassing various sustainable practices that do not solely emphasize small-scale controls.