What is the purpose of a 'neckdown' in traffic design?

The purpose of a 'neckdown' in traffic design is to reduce the crossing distance for pedestrians. A neckdown, also known as a curb extension or bulb-out, is typically implemented at intersections or mid-block crosswalks. It narrows the roadway at the point where pedestrians cross, which shortens the distance they need to navigate to reach the other side safely.

By minimizing the crossing distance, neckdowns enhance pedestrian safety and comfort, encouraging more people to walk. They also help to improve visibility for both pedestrians and drivers, as pedestrians are moved closer to the roadway edge while vehicles are required to slow down when approaching the narrowed section. This design can contribute to a more pedestrian-friendly environment and foster increased foot traffic in urban areas.

The other options focus on altering traffic flow or managing vehicle speeds, which do not align with the specific function of a neckdown in prioritizing pedestrian safety.