What is a common consequence of excessive carbon dioxide or sulfur and nitrogen compounds in water?

Excessive levels of carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, and nitrogen compounds in water often lead to acidification. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, which decreases the pH of the water. This process can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, as many organisms, particularly marine life like corals, shellfish, and some fish species, thrive in a specific pH range and can struggle to survive in more acidic conditions. The increase in acidity can also affect the availability of nutrients and the overall chemistry of the water, further impacting aquatic life and ecosystems.

The other options represent different issues related to water quality and ecosystems. Oxygen depletion generally arises from increased organic matter decomposition, particularly due to nutrient overload, while overfishing pertains to the unsustainable harvest of fish populations. Destruction of aquatic habitats may involve physical changes to environments, but it is not a direct consequence of the chemical compounds in question. Thus, the link between excessive carbon dioxide and acidification makes this choice the most appropriate in regards to the specific context of the question.