What does the term "microclimate" refer to in environmental design?

The term "microclimate" refers to the specific climate conditions that exist in a small, localized area, often differing from the broader regional climate. This localized climate can be influenced by various factors such as terrain, vegetation, water bodies, and built structures. For example, an area shaded by trees can be cooler than a sunny patch nearby, or a body of water can moderate temperatures in its immediate surroundings compared to the surrounding land.

Understanding microclimates is crucial in environmental design, as they can significantly impact plant selection, cooling strategies, and outdoor comfort levels in a landscape. By analyzing and utilizing microclimatic differences, designers can create more sustainable and effective outdoor spaces tailored to the specific conditions of each site.