What characteristic of concrete can lead to cracking?

The characteristic of concrete that can lead to cracking involves exposure to deicing salts and improper installation. When concrete is exposed to deicing salts, which are often used to melt ice in cold climates, it can lead to a deterioration process known as scaling. This occurs because the salts can infiltrate the concrete, causing chemical reactions that weaken its structure over time and ultimately result in cracking.

Improper installation can also contribute significantly to cracking. For example, if the concrete is not mixed properly, doesn’t have sufficient curing time, or is placed under improper environmental conditions (such as too much heat or rapid cooling), it can develop internal stresses that manifest as cracks. Addressing these factors is crucial for ensuring that concrete maintains its integrity and durability in the long term.

In contrast, the other options, such as a non-porous surface, high color retention ability, and eco-friendly grading, do not directly contribute to cracking. While a non-porous surface might affect moisture retention and overall durability, it doesn't inherently cause the cracking that is associated with the aforementioned conditions. Likewise, high color retention and eco-friendly grading relate to aesthetic and environmental aspects, rather than structural vulnerabilities.